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Home / European American Armory 10 + 1 762mm X 39mm Review

European American Armory 10 + 1 762mm X 39mm Review

American seven.62 mm automatic burglarize

Battle burglarize, automatic rifle, sniper burglarize, semi-automatic burglarize

M14 burglarize
An M14 rifle with a magazine shown from the right side view

An M14 rifle shown with a 20-round magazine
Blazon Battle rifle, automatic rifle, sniper burglarize, semi-automatic rifle
Place of origin United States
Service history
In service 1959–present
1959–1964 (every bit the standard U.South. service burglarize)
Used by See Users
Wars See Conflicts
Production history
Designed 1954
Manufacturer Springfield Armory
Winchester
Harrington & Richardson
Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge, Inc.
Produced 1959–1980[1] [two]
No. built 1.three million[3]
Variants M14E1, M14E2/M14A1, M14K, M21, M25, Mk 14 EBR, M1A rifle
Specifications
Mass 9.ii lb (4.1 kg) empty
10.7 lb (4.85 kg) west/ loaded magazine
Length 44.3 in (1,126 mm)
Butt length 22 in (559 mm)
Cartridge 7.62×51mm NATO (.308 in)
Action Gas-operated, rotating commodities
Rate of fire 700–750 rounds/min
Cage velocity 2,800 ft/s (853 m/south)
Effective firing range 500 yd (457 chiliad)[4]
875 yd (800 grand)/3,725 yd (iii,406 k) maximum range[5] [six]
Feed organisation Stripper clips[7]
20-round detachable box magazine
Sights Discontinuity rear sight, "barleycorn" front sight

The M14 rifle, officially the United States Burglarize, Caliber 7.62 mm, M14, is an American selective burn down battle rifle that fires seven.62×51mm NATO (.308 in) ammunition. Information technology became the standard-upshot rifle for the U.Southward. military in 1959 replacing the M1 Garand rifle in the U.S. Ground forces by 1958 and the U.South. Marine Corps by 1965 until existence replaced by the M16 burglarize beginning in 1968. The M14 was used by U.S. Regular army, Navy, and Marine Corps for bones and advanced individual training (AIT) from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s.[five] [8]

The M14 was the terminal American battle rifle issued in quantity to U.Due south. military machine personnel. It was replaced by the M16 assail burglarize, a lighter weapon using a smaller caliber intermediate cartridge. The M14 rifle remains in limited service in all branches of the U.Due south. military, with variants used as sniper and designated marksman rifles, accurized contest weapons, and ceremonial weapons past honor guards, color guards, drill teams and formalism guards. Civilian semi-automated models are used for hunting, plinking, target shooting, and shooting competitions.[5]

The M14 is the basis for the M21[9] and M25 sniper rifles which were largely replaced by the M24 Sniper Weapon System.[x] A new variant of the M14, the Mk fourteen Enhanced Battle Burglarize (EBR), has been in service since 2002.[xi]

History [edit]

Early on evolution [edit]

The M14 was developed from a long line of experimental weapons based upon the M1 Garand rifle. Although the M1 was amidst the most advanced infantry rifles of the late 1930s, it was not an ideal weapon. Modifications were already first to exist made to the basic M1 rifle's design during the last months of World War II. Changes included adding fully automatic firing capability and replacing the eight-round en bloc clips with a detachable box magazine property 20 rounds. Winchester, Remington, and Springfield Arsenal'southward own John Garand offered different conversions. Garand's blueprint, the T20, was the most popular, and T20 prototypes served as the basis for a number of Springfield test rifles from 1945 through the early 1950s.[12]

In 1945, Earle Harvey of Springfield Armory designed a completely dissimilar rifle, the T25, for the new T65 .30 light rifle cartridge (7.62×49mm) at the direction of Col. Rene Studler, then serving in the Pentagon.[13] The 2 men were transferred to Springfield Arsenal in tardily 1945, where work on the T25 continued.[thirteen] The T25 was designed to use the T65 service cartridge, a Frankford Arsenal pattern based upon .30-06 cartridge case used in the M1 service rifle, but shortened to the length of the .300 Roughshod case.[13] Although shorter than the .30-06, with less powder capacity, the T65 cartridge retained the ballistics and free energy of the .30-06 due to the use of a recently developed brawl pulverisation made by Olin Industries.[13] [14] After experimenting with several bullet designs, the T65 was finalized for adoption as the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge.[thirteen] Olin Industries later introduced the cartridge on the commercial market as the .308 Winchester.[xiii] After a series of revisions by Earle Harvey and other members of the .xxx light rifle design group following the 1950 Fort Benning tests, the T25 was renamed the T47.[13]

The T44 prototype service rifle was not principally designed by any single engineer at Springfield Armory but was a conventional design developed on a shoestring budget as an culling to the T47.[thirteen] With minimal funding available, the earliest T44 prototypes used T20E2 receivers fitted with magazine filler blocks and re-barreled for the 7.62×51mm round, with the long operating rod/piston of the M1 replaced by the T47's gas cut-off organization.[xiii] Lloyd Corbett, an engineer in Harvey's rifle blueprint group, added various refinements to the T44 design, including a directly operating rod and a bolt roller to reduce friction.[thirteen]

Infantry Board service rifle trials [edit]

The T44 participated in a competitive service burglarize competition conducted by the Infantry Board at Fort Benning, Georgia against the Springfield T47 (a modified T25) and the T48 a variant of Fabrique Nationale's FN FAL (from "Fusil Automatique Leger", French for "light automatic rifle").[15] The T47, which did not take a bolt roller and performed worse in dust and cold conditions tests than both the T44 and the T48, was dropped from consideration in 1953.[xiii] During 1952–53, testing proved the T48 and the T44 roughly comparable in performance, with the T48 property an advantage in ease of field stripping and grit resistance, also as a longer product evolution pb time.[13] [15] A Newsweek article in July 1953 hinted that the T48/FAL might be selected over the T44.[thirteen] [sixteen] During the winter of 1953–54, both rifles competed in the wintertime rifle trials at U.S. Army facilities in the Chill.[15] [17] Springfield Arsenal engineers, broken-hearted to ensure the selection of the T44, had been specially preparing and modifying the test T44 rifles for weeks with the aid of the arsenal's common cold chamber, including a redesign of the T44 gas regulator and custom modifications to magazines and other parts to reduce friction and seizing in extreme common cold.[fifteen] [17] The T48 rifles received no such special preparation, and in the continued cold weather condition testing began to experience sluggish gas system performance, aggravated by the T48's close-plumbing fixtures surfaces between commodities and carrier, and carrier and receiver.[thirteen] [15] [17] FN engineers opened the gas ports in an attempt to meliorate functioning, merely this caused early on/vehement extraction and broken parts equally a result of the increased pressures.[thirteen] [15] [17] Every bit a result, the T44 was ranked superior in cold weather operation to the T48.[15] The Chill Test Board report fabricated it clear that the T48 needed improvement and that the U.Due south. would not adopt the T48 until it had successfully completed another round of Arctic tests the post-obit wintertime.[xiii] [15]

In June 1954, funding became available to industry newly fabricated T44 receivers peculiarly designed for the shorter T65 cartridge.[thirteen] This one alter to the T44 pattern saved a pound in rifle weight over that of the M1 Garand.[thirteen] Tests at Fort Benning with the T44 and T48 continued through the summer and fall of 1956.[xiii] Past this time, the T48/FAL rifles had been so improved that malfunction rates were almost as depression as the T44.[xiii]

The T44 was selected over the T48/FAL primarily due to weight (T44 was a pound lighter), simplicity with fewer parts, the T44'southward self-compensating gas system, and the argument that the T44 could be manufactured on existing machinery built for the M1 burglarize (this afterward turned out to exist unworkable).[13] [15] [17] [18] In 1957, the U.Due south. formally adopted the T44 as the U.S. infantry service rifle designated M14.[13]

Production contracts [edit]

Initial product contracts for the M14 were awarded to the Springfield Armory, Winchester, and Harrington & Richardson.[19] Thompson-Ramo-Wooldridge Inc. (TRW) would later on be awarded a production contract for the rifle as well. 1,376,031 M14 service rifles were produced from 1959 to 1964.[20]

National Match M14 [edit]

Springfield Arsenal produced six,641 new M14 NM rifles in 1962 and 1963, while TRW produced 4,874 new M14 NM rifles in 1964. Springfield Armory subsequently upgraded ii,094 M14 rifles in 1965 and 2,395 M14 rifles in 1966 to National Match specifications, while 2,462 M14 rifles were rebuilt to National Match standards in 1967 at the Rock Island Armory. A total of xi,130 National Friction match rifles were delivered by Springfield Armory, Rock Isle Arsenal, and TRW during 1962–1967.[20]

Production M14 rifles made by Springfield Armory and Winchester used forged receivers and bolts milled from AISI 8620 steel, a low-carbon molybdenum-chromium steel. Harrington & Richardson M14 production used AISI 8620 steel likewise, except for ten receivers milled from AISI 1330 low-carbon steel and a unmarried receiver made from alloy steel with a loftier nickel content.[20]

Deployment [edit]

A U.Southward. soldier with an M14 watches as supplies are dropped in 1967 during the Vietnam War.

After the M14's adoption, Springfield Armory began tooling a new production line in 1958, delivering the get-go service rifles to the U.S. Army in July 1959. However, long production delays resulted in the 101st Airborne Segmentation beingness the but unit in the army fully equipped with the M14 by the end of 1960. The Fleet Marine Force finally completed the alter from M1 to M14 in late 1961. Springfield Armory records reflect that M14 industry ended as TRW, fulfilling its second contract, delivered its final production increment in fiscal yr 1965 (1 July 1964 – thirty June 1965). The Springfield archive also indicates the 1.38 million rifles were acquired for just over $143 1000000, for a unit toll of about $104.[1] [2]

A rare M14 presentation model, serial No. 0010

The rifle served adequately during its brief tour of duty in Vietnam.[21] Though it was unwieldy in the thick brush due to its length and weight, the ability of the 7.62×51mm NATO cartridge allowed it to penetrate cover well and at extended range, developing ii,560 ft·lbf (3,463 J) of muzzle energy. However, there were several drawbacks to the M14. The traditional wood stock of the rifle tended to dandy and expand in the heavy moisture of the jungle, adversely affecting accuracy. Fiberglass stocks were produced to resolve this problem, but the rifle was discontinued before M14s with fiberglass stocks could be distributed for field use. Also, because of the M14'due south powerful 7.62×51mm cartridge, the weapon was deemed virtually uncontrollable in fully automated mode, so virtually M14s were permanently prepare to semi-automatic burn merely to avert wasting ammunition in combat.[xix] [14] [22]

The M14 was developed to supercede four different weapons: the M1 Garand rifle, the M3 submachine gun, the M1 Carbine and the M1918 Browning automatic rifle (BAR).[23] The intention was to simplify the logistical requirements of the troops by limiting the types of ammunition and parts needed to be supplied. Yet, it proved to be an impossible task to supplant all these weapons; the M14 was deemed "completely junior" to even the Earth War 2 M1 Garand in a September 1962 report by the U.Southward. Department of Defense comptroller.[24] The cartridge was too powerful for the submachine gun role and the weapon was simply too light to serve as a light automobile gun replacement for the M1918 BAR.[25]

Replacement [edit]

The M14 remained the primary infantry rifle in Vietnam until it was replaced by the M16 in 1967, though combat engineer units kept them several years longer. Further procurement of the M14 was abruptly halted in early 1968 due to the U.S. Department of Defense force study which had too stated that the AR-xv (soon to exist M16) was superior to the M14. (The DOD did not abolish FY 1963 orders to be delivered.) Afterward the report, a series of tests and reports by the U.Due south. Department of the Regular army followed that resulted in the conclusion to cancel the M14.[24] The M16 was ordered every bit a replacement for the M14 past direction of Secretary of Defence Robert McNamara in 1964, over the objection of the U.S. Ground forces officers who had backed the M14. (Other factions within the Regular army research and evolution community had opposed the M14 and the 7.62×51mm round from the starting time.) Though production of the M14 was officially discontinued, some disgruntled troops managed to hang on to them while deriding the early model M16 every bit a fragile and nether-powered "Mattel toy" that was prone to jam,[26] [27] though these characteristics were later discovered past a Congressional investigation to exist the result of intentional attempts past Army bureaucracy to sabotage the M16'south field performance in Vietnam, at the cost of American lives.[28] In belatedly 1967, the U.S. Army designated the M16 every bit the "Standard A" rifle, and the M14 became a "Limited Standard" weapon. The M14 rifle remained the standard rifle for U.S. Army Basic Grooming and troops stationed in Europe until 1970.[29]

The U.S. Regular army converted several thousand M14s into M21 sniper rifles, which remained standard consequence for this purpose until the adoption of the M24 SWS in 1988.

In 1969, tooling for the M14 was sold to Taiwan and later many rifles were exported to Baltic countries and Israel.[30] [31]

Post-1970 U.S. war machine service [edit]

An Ground forces marksman in Fallujah, Iraq, using an M14 with a Leupold LR/T x×40 mm M3 scope

In the mid-1990s, the Marine Corps chose a new rifle for Designated Marksman employ, an M14 modified by the Precision Weapons Shop in Marine Corps Base Quantico called the Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR). It is intended for utilize by security teams (SRTs, FAST companies), and Marine Scout Snipers in the cases where a semi-automated rifle would exist more advisable than the standard commodities-activeness M40A1/A3 rifle. The USMC Rifle Team uses the M14 in shooting competitions. Although the M14 was phased out as the standard-issue burglarize past 1970, M14 variants are withal used by various branches of the U.S. Armed forces equally well as other military machine, especially as a sniper rifle and as a designated marksman rifle, due to its accuracy and effectiveness at long range. Few M14s were in use in the Army until the Transitional islamic state of afghanistan and Iraq Wars. Since the start of these conflicts, many M14s take been employed every bit designated marksman and sniper rifles. These are not M21 rifles, but original production M14s. Common modifications include scopes, fiberglass stocks, and other accessories.[32] A 2009 report conducted by the U.S. Ground forces claimed that half of the engagements in Transitional islamic state of afghanistan occurred from across 300 meters (330 yd).[33] America'due south 5.56×45mm NATO service rifles are ineffective at these ranges; this has prompted the reissue of thousands of M14s.[34]

The 1st Battalion of the tertiary United states Infantry Regiment ("The Old Guard") in the Military District of Washington is the sole remaining regular U.S. Army combat field unit of measurement where the M14 is yet issued as the standard rifle, along with a chromed bayonet and an actress wooden stock with a white sling for military funerals, parades, and other ceremonies. The United states of america Air Force Honor Baby-sit uses a version of the M14.[35] The U.Due south. Navy Formalism Guard and Base Honor Guards also utilize the M14 for 3-volley salutes in military funerals. It is also the drill and parade rifle of the United States Military Academy, United States Naval Academy, Us Air Force Academy, The Citadel, Norwich University, Virginia Military machine Plant, and Due north Georgia College and State University.[36] U.Southward. Navy ships behave several M14s in their armories. They are issued to sailors going on watch out on deck in port, and to Backup Alert Forces. The M14 is also used to shoot a large rubber projectile to another send when underway to start the lines over for alongside refueling and replenishment.[37]

A SEAL operator with an M14 rifle participating in maritime interdiction enforcement during Functioning Desert Tempest.

Various sniper variants have been used past the United States Navy SEALs. Oftentimes mistaken for the M21 in the overt literature, just one of them has received a standard name in the U.S. military designations system: the M25, developed past the Special Forces. SEALs also use the Mk 14 Mod 0 Enhanced Battle Burglarize (EBR) for close-quarters battle and in a designated marksman function. "Delta Strength" units are known to have used M14 sniper variants. Eric L. Haney indicated in his memoir Within Delta Forcefulness that every soldier going through the Operator Training Course trained on the M14.[38] According to Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modernistic State of war, the well-known account of the Battle of Mogadishu, Sergeant Commencement Class Randy Shughart used an M14 for sniping from helicopters to provide back up burn down to ground troops.[39]

The U.S. Army Special Forces ("Dark-green Berets") have made some use of the M25 "spotter rifle". The M25 was adult in the belatedly 1980s within the 10th Special Forces Grouping, which was charged to support Special Forces sniper weapons also as the Special Operations Target Interdiction Form (SOTIC). The M25 was commencement planned equally a replacement for the onetime M21, only after the Ground forces adoption of the M24 SWS as its standard sniper burglarize, the M25 was intended to be used by spotters of the sniper teams, while the snipers would apply the bolt-activeness M24.

The M14 has remained in service longer than any other U.S. infantry rifle, surpassing the M1903 Springfield rifle. It also holds the stardom of serving equally the standard infantry rifle of the U.S. Regular army for the 2nd-shortest bridge of time of any service rifle, only surpassed by the short-lived United states Springfield Krag–Jørgensen rifles and carbines.[twoscore]

Service with other nations [edit]

The Philippines problems M14 rifles, M1/M2 carbines, M1 rifles, and M16 rifles, to their civilian defense forces and diverse buck corps service academies. The Hellenic Navy uses the M14.

The M14 production Springfield tooling and associates line was sold in 1967 to the Republic of Communist china (Taiwan), who in 1968 began producing their Type 57 Rifle. The State Arsenal of the Republic of Communist china produced over i million of these rifles from 1969 to the present. Other than the surface finish it is essentially a US rifle. It is used by the reserves and as a backup defence force weapon and used past airport guards.

In Mainland Red china, Norinco has produced an M14 variant for consign, being sold in the U.S. prior to the importation ban of 1989 and the enactment of the Fierce Crime Control and Law Enforcement Deed of 1994. Rifles made by Poly Technologies were imported to the US in the 1980s simply were banned from further import in 1989 by the George H.W. Bush Administration.[41] They were being sold in Canada, Italy and New Zealand equally of 2008.[42] They have been marketed under the M14S[43] and M305 names.[44]

Rifle pattern [edit]

Receiver markings [edit]

Stamped into receiver heel:

  • U.S. Rifle
  • 7.62-MM M14
  • Springfield Armory (or commercial contractor proper noun)
  • Serial number

Stock [edit]

The M14 burglarize was first furnished with a walnut stock, then with birch and finally with a constructed (fiberglass) stock, which was adopted for apply in damp jungle environments in Vietnam, since the forest versions would ofttimes get warped and swollen with wet. The stock was too fitted with a hinged shoulder balance for improved user condolement when firing from a prone position.[5] Original equipment walnut and birch stocks carry the Section of Defense acceptance stamp or cartouche (an arc of three stars above a spread-winged eagle). These stocks also carried a proof postage stamp, a P within a circumvolve, practical after successful test-firing.

Rifles manufactured through belatedly 1960 were provided with walnut handguards. Thereafter synthetic, slotted (ventilated) hand guards were furnished but proved as well fragile for military use. These were replaced by the solid synthetic part still in use, usually in dark brown, black or a camouflage design.

Rifling [edit]

Standard M14 rifling has right-mitt twist in 1:12 inches with 4 grooves.

Accessories [edit]

Although M14 burglarize production ended in 1964, the limited standard condition of the weapon resulted in the connected manufacture of accessories and spare parts into the belatedly 1960s and beyond.

  • M6 bayonet with M8A1 sheath
  • M2 Bandoleer (Has vi pockets, each containing ii × 5-round Mauser-type clips for a total of 60 rounds, and a pouch for a mag filler. The sling was adaptable and was held in place with a matte-black steel safety pin). Standard Operating Procedure was for the operator to use upwardly the armament in the bandoleers before using the loaded magazines in the ammo pouches. The pockets' stitching could be ripped out to allow the bandoleer to carry 6 pre-loaded 20-round magazines.
  • Sling [The service rifle used a one-piece cotton fiber or nylon webbing sling and the competition and sniping variants employ the standard M1907 two-piece leather sling]
  • Cleaning kit (contained in the stock'southward butt-trap) included: a combination tool, ratchet bedroom brush, plastic lubricant case, brass bore brush, 4 cleaning rod sections, cleaning rod case, and a cleaning rod patch-holding tip.
  • M5 winter trigger and wintertime prophylactic
  • M12 blank firing attachment and M3 breech shield
  • Cartridge charger clip (holds five cartridges)
  • Mag filler (or "spoon") for charging detached magazines externally. (The M14 has a groove over the action that allows the operator to place a loaded clip and tiptop off the attached magazine internally through the open up action).
  • M1956 Universal Small Arms Ammunition Pouch, First Pattern (could hold 2 × 20-round M14 magazines horizontally).
  • M1956 Universal Small-scale Arms Ammunition Pouch, Second Pattern (could hold iii × 20-circular M14 magazines vertically).
  • M1961 armament magazine pouch. (Could carry 1 × 20-round M14 magazine. The bottom of the pouch independent eyelets for attaching a Start Assist Pouch or 3-cell (6 pocket) Grenade Carrier that could tie downward around the thigh.)
  • M2 bipod
  • M76 rifle grenade launcher
  • M15 grenade launcher sight
  • Mk 87 Mod 0/1 line (rope) throwing kit

Types of sights [edit]

  • Rear peep, front end blade, metric
  • Rear National Friction match peep with hood, front National Match bract, metric

Variants and related designs [edit]

A U.Southward. Edge Patrol Amanuensis with an M14 rifle on the northern U.S. border.

Military [edit]

M15 [edit]

The M15 Squad Automated Weapon was a modified M14 developed as a replacement for the .30-06 M1918 Browning Automated Rifle for apply as a squad automatic weapon. It added a heavier butt and stock, ii pistol grips (ane fixed, one folding) a hinged buttplate, a selector switch for fully automatic fire, and a bipod. The sling was from the BAR. Like the M14, information technology was chambered for vii.62×51mm NATO.

Firing tests showed that the M14, when equipped with the selector switch, hinged buttplate and bipod, performed likewise equally the M15. Equally a result, the M15 was dropped and the modified M14 became the squad automatic weapon. Accurateness and command problems with this variant led to the addition of a pistol grip, a folding rubber covered metal foregrip and a muzzle stabilizer. However, it was a poor suppressive fire weapon owing to twenty-round magazines and it overheated quickly.

M14E1 [edit]

The M14E1 was tested with a diverseness of folding stocks to provide better maneuverability for armored infantry, paratroopers and others. No variant was standardized.

M14E2/M14A1 [edit]

Selective burn down version of the standard M14 used equally a squad automatic weapon. Successor to the full-automatic M14 with a bipod and the never-issued M15. The developmental model was known as the M14E2. As a conceptional weapon developed past the Infantry School, it was known every bit the M14 (USAIB) (United States Army Infantry Lath). It was issued in 1963 and redesignated equally M14A1 in 1966.

It had a full pistol-gripped in-line stock to command recoil, a plastic upper forend to save weight, a muzzle compensator, the BAR sling, an M2 bipod, and a folding metal vertical foregrip mounted nether the forend of the stock. Although an comeback over the M14 when in full-auto, information technology was still difficult to control, overheated rapidly, and the xx-round magazine express its power to deliver suppressive burn.

M14M (Modified)/M14NM (National Lucifer) [edit]

The M14M is a semi-automated only version of the standard M14 that was adult for utilise in civilian rifle marksmanship activities such as the Noncombatant Marksmanship Program. M14M rifles were converted from existing M14 rifles by welding the select-burn mechanism to prevent full-automatic firing. The M14NM (National Match) is an M14M rifle built to National Match accuracy standards.

The M14M and M14NM rifles are described in a (now-obsolete) Ground forces regulation, AR 920–25, "Rifles, M14M and M14NM, For Civilian Marksmanship Use," dated 8 February 1965. Paragraph two, amongst other things, stated that the Director of the Alcohol and Tobacco Taxation Partition, Internal Revenue Service, Department of the Treasury (predecessor to the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives) had ruled that M14M and M14NM rifles so modified would not be subject to the 1934 National Firearms Act (NFA) and, equally such, could be sold or issued to civilians. Yet, with the passage of the Gun Control Human activity of 1968, the NFA was amended to prohibit sales of previously modified automatic weapons such as the M14M and M14NM to civilians.

M14 SMUD [edit]

Stand up-off Munition Disruption, used by Explosive Ordnance Disposal personnel to destroy unexploded ordnance. Essentially an M14 National Match rifle with scope.

Mk xiv EBR [edit]

A soldier using a M14 EBR-RI equipped with a Sage M14ALCS chassis stock provides security in Republic of iraq, 2006.

The Mk fourteen Enhanced Battle Rifle is a more tactical version of the M14, with a shorter 18-inch barrel, a retractable stock and multiple rails for more accessories.

M14 Tactical [edit]

Modified M14 using the aforementioned stock as the Mk 14 only with a 22-inch barrel and a Smith Enterprise muzzle brake, used by the U.Due south. Coast Guard.

M14 Designated Marksman Rifle [edit]

Designated marksman version of the M14, used past the U.South. Marine Corps. Replaced past the M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle.

M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle [edit]

Modified M14 DMR fitted with the same stock as Mk 14, used by the U.S. Marine Corps. Being replaced past the M110 Semi-Automatic Sniper System.[45]

M89SR Model 89 Sniper Rifle [edit]

The M89SR is an M14 in bullpup configuration first introduced past Sardius in the 1980s. Later produced by Technical Equipment International (TEI) for the Israel Defence Forces

AWC G2A Sniper Rifle [edit]

AWC G2A Sniper Rifle is a modified M14 with bullpup stock designed by Lynn McWilliams and Gale McMillian in the late 1990s. Produced and delivered for testing at the Fort Bragg sniper schoolhouse.

M21 and M25 sniper rifles [edit]

The M21 and M25 are accurized sniper models of the M14, assembled with more care and precision than is standard.

Commercial production [edit]

CAR 14 [edit]

A product of Troy Industries the CAR fourteen (Carbine Attack Rifle 14) is a smaller and lighter tactical version of the M14. Its barrel is 12.5 inches long and it weighs vii.nine pounds. The rifle has select-fire power, a threaded barrel for a muzzle device, a tactical runway on top for eyes, and the operating rod cover.[46]

Federal Ordnance [edit]

From 1984 to 1991, Federal Ordnance of S El Monte, California sold a semi-auto version of the M14 burglarize. Initially named the M14 or M14A, the rifle utilized an aftermarket semi-auto receiver fitted with surplus USGI M14 parts. All receivers were machined from castings of AISI 8620 alloy steel. Except for the first fifty receivers, the castings were supplied by Electro Crisol Metal, Southward.A. of Santander, Espana, so imported to the US for heat treatment, finish machining, and exterior phosphate treatment. M14 and M14A receivers were heat-treated using the carburizing process by a firm in Santa Ana, California, followed by finish machining on a CNC machine at Federal Ordnance in Due south El Monte.

Federal Ordnance M14 and M14A receivers were heat-treated and carburized co-ordinate to USGI M14 requirements. Each completed production rifle was proof fired, so tested for operation by firing three rounds. USGI parts and bolts were used extensively in Federal Ordnance rifles through at least serial number 88XX. In 1989, Federal Ordnance renamed the rifle the M14SA and M14CSA. Rifles in the 93XX series range and higher have modified receivers designed to take Chinese-fabricated bolts, barrels, and other parts owing to a shortage of original USGI components. Approximately 51,000 complete Federal Ordnance M14 rifles and 60,000 or more receivers were manufactured earlier product was halted in belatedly 1991.[nineteen]

Norinco [edit]

Norinco M14s Custom with a Bushnell red dot sight

The Chinese firm Norinco manufactures versions of the M14 rifle known as the M14S (Sporter)[43] [19] and the M305.[44] There are two versions of the M305. The M305A/B, one with the same barrel as the regular M14 and one with a short barrel.[47] [48] The M305A is an M14 chambered to fire 7.62x39 ammo.[49] and the M305B is an M14 with an 18.5" barrel and chambered to fire in 7.62 NATO caliber.[50] Copies of the select-fire and semi-auto versions of the M14 were also made past Norinco.[xix]

These rifles have been banned from importation (1989 for all Polytech rifles) and (1994 for Norinco rifles) to the U.South., due to a Clinton-era prohibition on Chinese fabricated firearms. They were commonly sold and were popular in Canada for hunting and target shooting until they were reclassified as Prohibited firearms on May i, 2020.[51]

Production of these M14s were contracted out to Yunnan Xiyi Industry Visitor Limited or State Manufacturing plant Number 356 from the rifles to the 7.62 NATO magazines.[52] [53]

Polytech Industries [edit]

Polytech Industries of China made an unlicensed version of the M14 rifle known every bit the M14S. Polytechs, dissimilar Norinco rifles, were all banned in the 1989 firearm importation ban by the President George HW Bush administration.[54]

Smith Enterprise, Inc. [edit]

Smith Enterprise Inc. was founded every bit Western Ordnance in 1979 by Richard Smith in Mesa, Arizona and the company made numerous types of rifles, just specialized in the M1 Garand and M14.[55] In 1993, Western Ordnance reformed equally Smith Enterprise and has built and rebuilt numerous M14 rifles for the US Armed services and the militaries of Colombia, Canada and other nations.[56] [57]

The U.South. Department of Defense force has contracted Smith Enterprise to build and modify M14 rifles for apply by soldiers, Marines and sailors in Republic of iraq and Transitional islamic state of afghanistan.[58] [ full commendation needed ] Smith Enterprise played a major part in the M14 rifle modernization projects for various US military units which resulted in the development of the U.Due south. Navy Mark 14 Enhanced Battle Burglarize (EBR).[56] [59] [threescore] The company's history included originally making forged receivers for M14 rifles and briefly switching to investment casting.[55] Smith stopped making receivers for a few years, just reentered the market with receivers machined from bar stock in 2002.[56]

In 2003 Smith Enterprise Inc. created its version of the M14 Enhanced Battle Burglarize known as the MK14 Mod 0, blazon SEI. The rifle used a medium heavy weight 18.0" barrel and was used as a footing to create the Usa Navy'south Mark xiv Mod 0 with Springfield Arsenal, Inc. being tasked to supply the necessary mechanism in cooperation with the Naval Surface Warfare Middle Crane Sectionalisation.[56] SEI builds an improved M14 gas cylinder as a component of their specialized rifles and a role for the war machine to upgrade older rifles. The gas cylinder is assigned the NATO Stock Number: NSN 1005-00-790-8766.[61]

Springfield Armory, Inc. [edit]

Springfield Armory, Inc. of Geneseo, Illinois, produces a semi-automatic only version of the M14 known as the M1A. The company produces several variations of the basic rifle with dissimilar stocks, barrel weights, butt lengths, and other optional features. The Springfield M1A and its model variants have been widely distributed in the U.S. civilian market and take seen apply past diverse constabulary enforcement agencies in the U.S. Springfield Armory, Inc. also produce the SOCOM serial and the Scout Squad Burglarize, based on the short-barreled version of the M14. The SOCOM 16 comes with provisions to mountain a blood-red dot sight and the SOCOM Ii adds railed handguards to the packet.

Gallery [edit]

  • Members of the 13th Marine Expeditionary Unit of measurement, enter the reeds on the edge of Lake Tharthar in Iraq to conduct cordon and search operations July 15, 2007.

  • A U.S. soldier scans for activeness during a combat patrol in Transitional islamic state of afghanistan, 2009.

  • A soldier with an M14 equipped with a Sage M14ALCS chassis stock.

  • Ii Sea-Air-Country (SEAL) team members, one equipped with an AN/PAQ-i laser target designator, right, the other armed with an M14 burglarize, assume a defensive position

  • Battle of Hamo Village During the Tet Offensive. United states of america Marines and ARVN troops defend a position confronting enemy attack. Photograph taken circa January 1968.

  • Soldiers in a Niger army unit stand in formation while a dignitary visits their outpost during Operation Desert Shield. The men are armed with M14 rifles.

Conflicts [edit]

The M14 rifle has been used in the following conflicts:

  • Vietnam State of war[thirty]
  • Communist rebellion in the Philippines[62] [63]
  • Moro conflict[62] [63]
  • Ogaden State of war[64]
  • Falklands War
  • Soviet–Afghan War
  • 2004 Haitian coup d'état[nineteen]
  • Syrian Civil War
  • Iraq War
  • War in Afghanistan

Users [edit]

T57 Sniper Burglarize, Taiwanese M14 copy

  • Afghanistan: Used by soldiers of the Afghan National Regular army presidential guard for formalism duties.[65]
  • Argentina: Used by Argentine soldiers of C Visitor, Regimento (Especial) de Infanteria 25 in the Falklands War at the Battle of Goose Green and San Carlos.[xix]
  • Australia: Minor quantities of XM21 sniper variants were issued by the Australian Regular army in the Vietnam State of war. M14 EBRs were as well fielded by Australian special operations forces in Afghanistan.[66]
  • Central African Republic: Self-defence units[67]
  • Colombia[68]
  • Costa rica[68]
  • Dominican Commonwealth[68]
  • Republic of ecuador[68]
  • El salvador[68]
  • Eritrea[68]
  • Republic of estonia: Adopted past Estonian war machine as marksman's burglarize, modified past E-Arsenal called the Täpsuspüss M14-TP (Precision Rifle M14-PR), with heavy barrel, bipod, synthetic stock, and optical 4× sight.[69] [lxx]
  • Ethiopia[68]
  • Hellenic republic[71]
  • Haiti: Used by Haitian security forces in the 2004 Haitian coup d'état.[19]
  • Honduras[68]
  • Indonesia: Virtually are retired from the Armed forces, currently still being used by BRIMOB.[72] [73]
  • Republic of iraq: Used by Iraqi special forces nether Counter-Terrorism Service control.[74]
  • State of israel: Used every bit sniper burglarize with eventual conversion and production as M89SR.[19] [75] Israeli M14s were modified with full automobile disabled and the buttstock modified to have a built-in cheek piece.[76]
  • Latvia: Unknown number provided by the U.Southward. in the 1990s under war machine assistance programme.[14]
  • Lebanon: Used past the Tigers Militia and the Zgharta Liberation Army equally a battle rifle, and by the Lebanese Forces militia as a sniper rifle in the Lebanese Civil War.[77]
  • Lithuania: Lithuanian Armed Forces.[78]
  • Malaysia: Pasukan Khas Laut of the Regal Malaysian Navy.[79]
  • Morocco[71]
  • Niger[68]
  • Philippines: 104,000 used within the Armed forces of the Philippines[71] with most decommissioned.[68] [80] [81]
  • South korea: Unknown number provided by the U.South. in the 1990s under military assistance program.[14] Most of the M14s were scrapped and pocket-sized numbers are used for ceremonial duties.[82] [83]
  • Taiwan (Democracy of China): Made nether license as the Type 57.[19]
  • Tunisia[68]
  • Turkey: Unknown number provided by the U.Due south. in the 1990s under armed forces assistance programme. Still in employ with ship personnel of the Turkish Navy.[14]
  • United States: Uses the M14SE, manufactured past Smith Enterprise Inc., in SDM roles and has purchased M14s from other manufacturers.[84] As well uses M14s custom congenital or modified in military armories, such as the M39 Enhanced Marksman Rifle. The M14 is issued to crew members on Military Sealift Control vessels.[85] The rifle is also used by the U.South. Border Patrol and past the Park Rangers of U.Southward. National Park Service.[86]
  • Venezuela[87]
  • Vietnam: After the Vietnam War, the People's Ground forces of Vietnam inherited a large quantity of M14 rifles from the Republic of Vietnam Military Forces. In 2016, Factory Z113 successfully put the vii.62×51mm cartridge (designated M80) into mass-production for use in these M14 and other NATO firearms similar the M60 machine gun and FN Magazine.[88]

See as well [edit]

  • Springfield Armory M1A

References [edit]

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Farther reading [edit]

  • Duff, Scott A., John M. Miller, and contributing editor David C. Clark. The M14 Owner's Guide and Match Workout Instructions. Export, Penn.: Scott A. Duff Publications, 1996. ISBN 1-888722-07-X.
  • Murphy, Edward F. The Loma Fights: The Beginning Boxing of Khe Sanh. Novato, Calif.: Presidio Press, 2003. ISBN 0-89141-747-8.
  • Pisor, Robert L. The Terminate of the Line: The Siege of Khe Sanh. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2002. ISBN 0-393-32269-vi.
  • Rose, Alexander. American Rifle: A Biography. New York: Bantam Dell Publishing, 2008. ISBN 978-0-553-80517-viii.
  • Stevens, R. Blake. U.S. Rifle M14: From John Garand to the M21. Toronto: Collector Course Publications, Inc., 1995. ISBN 0-88935-110-4.
  • Thompson, Leroy (2014). The M14 Battle Rifle. Weapon 37. Osprey Publishing. ISBN9781472802552.

External links [edit]

  • "How the M14 7.62 Rifle Operates" - US Army training pic is bachelor for complimentary download at the Internet Archive
  • FM 23-8 "Rifle 7.62mm, M14 and M14E2" Ground forces Field Manual at the Internet Archive
  • M14 to MK xiv, Evolution of a Battle Burglarize

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M14_rifle